Kiritsubo 1 - Revision history

Jchristo: /* 17.1-4 */

2019-10-09T18:04:06Z

17.1-4

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 9 October 2019
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	:The reading of 御 has been a point of difficulty for some time. Most scholars seem to agree that the readings of ご, お, and み are limited to specific words. Alexander Vovin accepts み as the default reading, but his study was done on texts other than Genji. There are two basic theories as to how to read the character otherwise. The most widely accepted seems to be that unless specified otherwise, it should be read as おほむ. A minority opinion (expressed by scholars like Suzuki Kazuo) is that the reading おほん is limited to the Emperor, Crown Prince, Empress, and other figures of high royalty. The default is おむ (pronounced おん), in other cases.		:The reading of 御 has been a point of difficulty for some time. Most scholars seem to agree that the readings of ご, お, and み are limited to specific words. Alexander Vovin accepts み as the default reading, but his study was done on texts other than Genji. There are two basic theories as to how to read the character otherwise. The most widely accepted seems to be that unless specified otherwise, it should be read as おほむ. A minority opinion (expressed by scholars like Suzuki Kazuo) is that the reading おほん is limited to the Emperor, Crown Prince, Empress, and other figures of high royalty. The default is おむ (pronounced おん), in other cases.
	;女御、更衣		;女御、更衣
	:Multiple subjects for a single verb (さぶらふ here) can be listed with no particle between them. The translations "Consort" and "Intimate" are from Tyler. ~~Consorts~~ are the ~~highest~~ ranking of the Emperor's ~~women (other than~~ the ~~Empress)~~, and the ~~Intimates rank below~~ the ~~Consorts~~.		:Multiple subjects for a single verb (さぶらふ here) can be listed with no particle between them. The translations "Consort" and "Intimate" are from Tyler.
			:In the Heian era, the government was nominally organized under the 8th century ''Yōrō'' codes, but by the time of the ''Genji'' they had ceased to have any real force, and there are large discrepancies between the government of the Genji and that of the Codes. As McCullough writes:

			::By far the most important among the lesser members of the Imperial harem were the Nyōgo...[they] first appeared in the early Heian period as Court ladies of unremarkable status, but by Michinaga's day they not only enjoyed the parental backing of Ministers of State, Regents, and Princes of the Blood, but also, if the chroniclers are to be believed, presided with dignity and taste over salons rich in precious objects and amusing trinkets....it was from their ranks that the Empresses arose. (820)

			:The Chinese models for the Japanese codes contain nyōgo as a low-ranking office that involved menial duties such as mending clothes.

			:McCullough explains the 更衣 as follows:
			::Most early Heian harems included a number of Kōi, who ranked immediately below [the Consorts], but were socially much inferior to, the Nyōgo. Their undistinguished origins were reflected in their title -- literally Clothes-Changer, a relic of the days when their function was to help the Emperor dress. They were, however, ordinarily daughters of kugyō, as in the case of [Genji's] mother, Kiritsubo. By the last half of the tenth century, formally designated Kōi were already disappearing, and by the eleventh century their role had devolved on the Principal Handmaids and Mistresses of the Wardrobe. (820)

			:The Chinese models do not contain this office.
	;さぶらひ		;さぶらひ
	:The word さぶらひ can literally mean "serve" but it can also just be a polite "be" verb; either meaning works here since the women are literally serving the Emperor.		:The word さぶらひ can literally mean "serve" but it can also just be a polite "be" verb; either meaning works here since the women are literally serving the Emperor.

Jchristo at 19:41, 8 October 2019

2019-10-08T19:41:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 8 October 2019
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	;17.1 いづれの御時にか		;17.1 いづれの御時にか
	:A verb like ありけむ is omitted here. This に is the RY of the copula, resulting from the so-called "clefted copula" -- that is, なる -> にある. In contrast to other monogatari which begin in the distant past with a word like むかし, the Genji immediately situates the action in an Emperor's reign, and subsequent passages will establish that the reign is a fairly recent one.		:A verb like ありけむ is omitted here. This に is the RY of the copula, resulting from the so-called "clefted copula" -- that is, なる -> にある. In contrast to other monogatari which begin in the distant past with a word like むかし, the Genji immediately situates the action in an Emperor's reign, and subsequent passages will establish that the reign is a fairly recent one.
	:The reading of 御 has been a point of difficulty for some time. Most scholars seem to agree that the readings of ご, お, and み are limited to specific words. Alexander Vovin accepts み as the default reading, but his study was done on texts other than Genji. There are two basic theories as to how to read the character otherwise. The most widely accepted seems to be that unless specified otherwise, it should be read as ~~おほん~~. A minority opinion (expressed by scholars like Suzuki Kazuo) is that the reading おほん is limited to the Emperor, Crown Prince, Empress, and other figures of high royalty. The default is おん, in other cases.		:The reading of 御 has been a point of difficulty for some time. Most scholars seem to agree that the readings of ご, お, and み are limited to specific words. Alexander Vovin accepts み as the default reading, but his study was done on texts other than Genji. There are two basic theories as to how to read the character otherwise. The most widely accepted seems to be that unless specified otherwise, it should be read as おほむ. A minority opinion (expressed by scholars like Suzuki Kazuo) is that the reading おほん is limited to the Emperor, Crown Prince, Empress, and other figures of high royalty. The default is おむ (pronounced おん), in other cases.
	;女御、更衣		;女御、更衣
	:Multiple subjects for a single verb (さぶらふ here) can be listed with no particle between them. The translations "Consort" and "Intimate" are from Tyler. Consorts are the highest ranking of the Emperor's women (other than the Empress), and the Intimates rank below the Consorts.		:Multiple subjects for a single verb (さぶらふ here) can be listed with no particle between them. The translations "Consort" and "Intimate" are from Tyler. Consorts are the highest ranking of the Emperor's women (other than the Empress), and the Intimates rank below the Consorts.
	;さぶらひ		;さぶらひ
	:The word さぶらひ can literally mean "serve" but it can also just be a polite "be" verb; either meaning works here since the women are literally serving the Emperor.		:The word さぶらひ can literally mean "serve" but it can also just be a polite "be" verb; either meaning works here since the women are literally serving the Emperor.
	;17.2 ~~給ひける~~		;17.2 たまひける
	:The auxiliary たまふ, extremely frequent in the Genji, is an honorific that establishes the contast presence of a narrator voice -- someone lower ranking than these women serving the Emperor, even the lower ranking Intimates. The use of RT forms in this sentence is typical in the tale -- 女御更衣あまたさぶらひ給ひける forms a nominalized (noun) phrase representing the group of women serving the Emperor. This noun phrase can then modify 中 to represent "within this group." The two remaining noun phrases headed by あらぬ and 給ふ work in the same grammatical fashion.		:The auxiliary たまふ, extremely frequent in the Genji, is an honorific that establishes the contast presence of a narrator voice -- someone lower ranking than these women serving the Emperor, even the lower ranking Intimates. The use of RT forms in this sentence is typical in the tale -- 女御更衣あまたさぶらひ給ひける forms a nominalized (noun) phrase representing the group of women serving the Emperor. This noun phrase can then modify 中 to represent "within this group." The two remaining noun phrases headed by あらぬ and 給ふ work in the same grammatical fashion.
	;いと		;いと
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	=17.10-18.4=		=17.10-18.4=

			=18.5-9=

Jchristo at 19:40, 8 October 2019

2019-10-08T19:40:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 8 October 2019
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			17.1-18.9

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	釈		釈

Jchristo: /* 17.1-3 */

2019-10-08T19:39:23Z

17.1-3

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 8 October 2019
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	釈		釈
	;17.1 いづれの御時にか		;17.1 いづれの御時にか
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	::This tale is all a constructed tale (作物語); it is like the "tales of old" (昔話) of today. This is why it says "Long ago, in a certain reign," and says these things happened. These words apply to the entire story. The Poetry Collection of Ise also conceals the emperor's name, and it is told in the style of a tale of old. The meaning is the same. The [older] commentaries have many useless theories.		::This tale is all a constructed tale (作物語); it is like the "tales of old" (昔話) of today. This is why it says "Long ago, in a certain reign," and says these things happened. These words apply to the entire story. The Poetry Collection of Ise also conceals the emperor's name, and it is told in the style of a tale of old. The meaning is the same. The [older] commentaries have many useless theories.

			=17.4-10=

			=17.10-18.4=

Jchristo at 19:38, 8 October 2019

2019-10-08T19:38:08Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+=17.1-3=
 ;17.1 いづれの御時にか
 :A verb like ありけむ is omitted here. This に is the RY of the copula, resulting from the so-called "clefted copula" -- that is, なる -> にある. In contrast to other monogatari which begin in the distant past with a word like むかし, the Genji immediately situates the action in an Emperor's reign, and subsequent passages will establish that the reign is a fairly recent one.
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 ;時めき
 :Note that the subject of this verb is Kiritsubo, not the Emperor. Although it means that Kiritsubo was loved by the Emperor, this meaning is expressed in a roundabout way that makes Kiritsubo the subject of 時めき. The Koujien defines the word as よい時機にあって栄える; the most obvious way for a Consort or Intimate to "thrive" is to receive the Emperor's love.

Jchristo at 19:35, 8 October 2019

2019-10-08T19:35:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 8 October 2019
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	:This word means "very," but paired with a negative verb as in this case, it means "not particularly..."		:This word means "very," but paired with a negative verb as in this case, it means "not particularly..."
	;やむごとなき		;やむごとなき
	:		:This word, referring to a high ranking position in the court, is a keyword of the first part of the "Kiritsubo" chapter. Kiritsubo herself is constantly contrasted with these other やむごとなき people who have position, but not the Emperor's love.
	;17.3 あらぬが		;17.3 あらぬが
	:The が particle in the Genji does not mean "but." There are two ways of interpreting it here: (1) It is a subject marker, making the sentence XがY, showing that NP X is also NP Y. (2) It is a conjunction meaning "and," connecting two clauses. The difference between the two is small and is difficult to represent in an English translation.		:The が particle in the Genji does not mean "but." There are two ways of interpreting it here: (1) It is a subject marker, making the sentence XがY, showing that NP X is also NP Y. (2) It is a conjunction meaning "and," connecting two clauses. The difference between the two is small and is difficult to represent in an English translation.
	;時めき		;時めき
	:Note that the subject of this verb is Kiritsubo, not the Emperor. Although it means that Kiritsubo was loved by the Emperor, this meaning is expressed in a roundabout way that makes Kiritsubo the subject of 時めき. The Koujien defines the word as よい時機にあって栄える; the most obvious way for a Consort or Intimate to "thrive" is to receive the Emperor's love.		:Note that the subject of this verb is Kiritsubo, not the Emperor. Although it means that Kiritsubo was loved by the Emperor, this meaning is expressed in a roundabout way that makes Kiritsubo the subject of 時めき. The Koujien defines the word as よい時機にあって栄える; the most obvious way for a Consort or Intimate to "thrive" is to receive the Emperor's love.

Jchristo: Created page with " ;17.1 いづれの御時にか :A verb like ありけむ is omitted here. This に is the RY of the copula, resulting from the so-called "clefted copula" -- that is, なる -..."

2019-10-08T19:34:29Z

Created page with " ;17.1 いづれの御時にか :A verb like ありけむ is omitted here. This に is the RY of the copula, resulting from the so-called "clefted copula" -- that is, なる -..."

New page

;17.1 いづれの御時にか
:A verb like ありけむ is omitted here. This に is the RY of the copula, resulting from the so-called "clefted copula" -- that is, なる -> にある. In contrast to other monogatari which begin in the distant past with a word like むかし, the Genji immediately situates the action in an Emperor's reign, and subsequent passages will establish that the reign is a fairly recent one.
:The reading of 御 has been a point of difficulty for some time. Most scholars seem to agree that the readings of ご, お, and み are limited to specific words. Alexander Vovin accepts み as the default reading, but his study was done on texts other than Genji. There are two basic theories as to how to read the character otherwise. The most widely accepted seems to be that unless specified otherwise, it should be read as おほん. A minority opinion (expressed by scholars like Suzuki Kazuo) is that the reading おほん is limited to the Emperor, Crown Prince, Empress, and other figures of high royalty. The default is おん, in other cases.
;女御、更衣
:Multiple subjects for a single verb (さぶらふ here) can be listed with no particle between them. The translations "Consort" and "Intimate" are from Tyler. Consorts are the highest ranking of the Emperor's women (other than the Empress), and the Intimates rank below the Consorts.
;さぶらひ
:The word さぶらひ can literally mean "serve" but it can also just be a polite "be" verb; either meaning works here since the women are literally serving the Emperor.
;17.2 給ひける
:The auxiliary たまふ, extremely frequent in the Genji, is an honorific that establishes the contast presence of a narrator voice -- someone lower ranking than these women serving the Emperor, even the lower ranking Intimates. The use of RT forms in this sentence is typical in the tale -- 女御更衣あまたさぶらひ給ひける forms a nominalized (noun) phrase representing the group of women serving the Emperor. This noun phrase can then modify 中 to represent "within this group." The two remaining noun phrases headed by あらぬ and 給ふ work in the same grammatical fashion.
;いと
:This word means "very," but paired with a negative verb as in this case, it means "not particularly..."
;やむごとなき
:
;17.3 あらぬが
:The が particle in the Genji does not mean "but." There are two ways of interpreting it here: (1) It is a subject marker, making the sentence XがY, showing that NP X is also NP Y. (2) It is a conjunction meaning "and," connecting two clauses. The difference between the two is small and is difficult to represent in an English translation.
;時めき
:Note that the subject of this verb is Kiritsubo, not the Emperor. Although it means that Kiritsubo was loved by the Emperor, this meaning is expressed in a roundabout way that makes Kiritsubo the subject of 時めき. The Koujien defines the word as よい時機にあって栄える; the most obvious way for a Consort or Intimate to "thrive" is to receive the Emperor's love.